CHAP. XXXI.
prom
God declares his love to all the race of Israel, 1-7; and ises to restore and abundantly bless them, 8-14. Rachel's
mourning for her children is turned into joy, 15-17. Ephraim lies of Israel, and they shall be my people.
repents and is assured of mercy, 18-20. Predictions of blessings to Judah and Israel, as connected with the birth of Christ, 21-28. Every man shall answer for his own sins only, 29, 30. A new and better covenant is promised, 31-34. The stability of God's favor to Israel, 35-37. The rebuilding and extent of Jerusalem foretold, 38-40.
PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS.
V. 1-9.
The discoveries, which God has made of his truth and will, his counsels and purposes, have been carefully registered and preserved, for the benefit of future generations: and he speaks to us by the writings of his ancient servants, as plainly as he did to their contemporaries by their mouths. Let us then value, and study with humble diligence and obedient faith,
but his. Every effort to heal ourselves must prove fruitless: for we have none to plead our cause, that we may be bound up; nor any healing medicines, so long as we neglect the heavenly Advocate and the sanctifying Spirit. ( Notes , 33:6-9.
Hos . 6:1-3.) All earthly comforts and comforters will soon fail us: and when we consider the number and heinousness of our sins, we may be ready to consider God himself as our irreconcilable enemy, and every God, and are zealous for his glory, will in one and so long as we only repine at our affliction, way or another be useful to their fellow sin-our sorrows remain incurable.
But when we ners: some of his ministers are most useful are thus driven from every false refuge, and during their lives, by preaching; and others led to acknowledge that God is just in all speak most effectually, after after their death, by which he inflicts or threatens, and that we suftheir writings: but but "as every man hath receiv-fer far less than we deserve; we submit to his ed the gift, so let him minister, as a good stew-righteousness and accept of his mercy. Then
these sacred records. Those who simply serve || chastisement as "the wound of a cruel one;"
ard of the manifold grace of God:" and "let us not be weary in well doing; for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not." (Notes, Gal . 6:6-10, νν . 9,10. 1 Pet . 4:9-11.) -Sin leads to terror and dismay: they, who will not tremble at the word of God, must tremble at his judgments: obstinate transgressors will hear a voice of terror, and not of peace: and if temporal calamities dismay and distress the stoutest and most intrepid, what will be the wrath to come?
Afflictions in this world frequently prove the means of good, and are never entirely without hope; but future punishment will be unmingled, hopeless misery. -Deep convictions of sin and terrors of conscience, attended with sharp temptations and afflictions, often cause a time of trouble so great, that the awakened sinner has never before known any thing like it: but it frequently proves a happy crisis, when attended with "that godly sorrow, which worketh repentance unto salvation not to be repented of;" and in due time he shall be saved out of it. ( P. O.
Job 9:22-35.) For our gracious God will pardon his sins, speak peace to his conscience, and break off the yoke of sin and Satan; that, "being delivered from all his enemies, he may serve God without fear, in righteousness and true holiness before him," all the remnant of his days, as the redeemed subject of Christ our King, whom the Father has raised up unto us.
The believer also may have days of great affliction and temptations, and even of terror and dismay; but he shall be saved from them all; and even death, which is such a time of trouble as can but once be experienced, will be to him a season of complete deliverance, and an introduction to "the joy of his Lord."
V. 10-18.
Let none of those who devotedly and zealously serve God, fear or be dismayed, on his own account, or on that of the church; for victory and triumph await them. Believers shall be gathered into his heavenly kingdom, from afar, and out of all their dispersions; faith, with submission to God, will give them rest and quietness here on earth; and none shall durably make them afraid. He will be with them to save them: though he "correct them," it shall be "in measure," and for their good; and he will "not make a full end of them," as of the wicked around them. Yet the wounds and bruises, which he sometimes inflicts, seem very grievous, and are incurable by any hand 356]
he rebukes our enemies, and rescues us from the jaws of the devourer: he binds up the broken heart, and cures the sin-distempered soul; and gives gives complete and eternal salvation. The dealings of his grace, with every true convert, and every returning backslider, are exactly the same, upon a smaller scale, as his dealings with the Jews. And in the same manner he corrects, humbles, pardons, heals, and restores offending churches from age to age: for the Redeemer of Israelis "the same yesterday, today, and for ever."
V. 19-24.
Our God will certainly comfort all those, who penitently turn unto him: and when he increases and glorifies his church, all who sympathized in its sorrows and prayed for its prosperity, will rejoice and be thankful.--It is a great mercy to nations to be ruled by prudent princes and magistrates, who are "of themselves," and have their welfare at heart: but still more so to be governed by those, whom the Lord "causes to draw near unto him," as his accepted servants and worshippers.
Those who approach him, must have "their hearts engaged" to do it in reverence, devotion, and faith: but who of our sinful race could thus have ventured to approach the holy God, who is "a consuming Fire" to all the workers of iniquity; if Christ, our King and High Priest, had not engaged to atone for our sins, and were not entered into the true sanctuary, to appear in his presence on our behalf?
Through him we find acceptance, and "access with boldness" to the throne of grace; we become "his people, and have the LORD for our God." How then will they "escape, who neglect so great salvation?" For "behold, the whirlwind of the LORD still goeth forth with fury," and his continual indignation will "fall with pain on the head of the wicked;" nor "will it return, till he hath performed the intents of his heart," in the destruction of all those, who obey not the gos pel of his Son. (Note, 2 Thes. 1:5-10.) May we consider seriously these declarations, and the doom of former enemies of the gospel: may we duly attend to these things, before those latter days come, when consideration will only increase the anguish of all, who have perished without remedy.
NOTES.
CHAP. XXXI. V. 1. This chapter continues the prophecy begun in the preceding
The people || and shalt go forth in the dances of them found grace when I
2 Thus saith the LORD, which were left of the sword in the wilderness; even Israel, went to cause him to rest.
3 The Lord hath appeared * of old unto me, saying , Yea, & I have loved thee with an everlasting love: therefore with lovingkindness have I drawn thee.
4 Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built, O virgin of Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy + tabrets,
37. 14:8-12. 17:813.
16229,16:21:
e 2:2. Deut. 1:30,33. 2:7. 8:2, 3,16. Neh. 9:12-15. Ps. 78: 14-16,23-29,52. 105:37-43. 136:16-24. Is. 63:7-14. Ez. 20:14-17.
f Num. 10:33. Deut. 12:9. Ps. 105:11. Is. 63:14. Matt. 11:28, 29. Heb. 4:8,9.
Heb. from afar .
g Deut. 7:7-9. 10:15. 33:3,2629. Hos. 11:1. Mal. 1:2. Rom. 9:13. 1 John 4:19.
h Ps. 103:17. Is. 45:17. 54:8,9. Rom. 11:28,29. 2 Thes. 2:13 -16. 2 Tim. 1:9.
one, which evidently relates to the kingdom of Christ. "The same time," therefore, here mentioned, must refer to those events, and to the latter days of the church. ( Note , 30:23,24.) -Not only would the Jews be reinstated in their privileges as the people of God; but the same blessing was promised to "all the families of Israel." (See on Note , 30:22. Notes , 30:4,19 -21. Gen. 17:7,8. Heb . 11:17-19.
Rev. 21:14, v. 3.) Some Israelites returned with the Jews from Babylon; and probably more of them were incorporated among them, in the several places where they settled; and many of them were converted to Christianity in the primitive ages: yet these things formed only a partial accomplishment of the prediction.
But "in the latter days," when the Jews "shall be turned to the Lord, all Israel shall be saved;" (Note, Rom. 11:25-32.) and then JEHOVAH will emphatically be "the God of all the families of Israel:" and when the fulness of the Gentiles shall be brought in, even those of Israel, that are inseparably incorporated with them, will obtain admission into the church. Several parts of this prophecy evidently look forward thus far: yet various previous events are noticed in the course of it, as introductory to its grand completion. ( Notes , 3:16-19. 23: 5-8.32:39-41.33:23-26.)
V. 2. The Israelites, who had escaped the murdering sword of Pharaoh, and the hostile attempts of the Amalekites and other enemies, were marvellously preserved and favored by JEHOVAH in the wilderness; and, notwithstanding their rebellions and chastisements, the nation was at length pu put in possession of Canaan, and there established, increased, and prospered: because God went with them, to give them the rest and inheritance which he had promised to their fathers. In like manner the remnant, which escaped the sword of the Chaldeans, would find favor with God, and be re-established in their own land. And after the still more terrible havoc made of them by the Romans, and in their consequent long continued dispersions, similar favors are intended them. ( Notes , 2:2-7. Ez . 20:13--17.)
V.3-5. Israel seems here introduced, as recollocting how God in times of old had made
that make merry. 5 Thou shalt
yet plant vines upon the mountains of Samaria: the planters shall plant, and shall eat them as common things.
6 For there shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount Ephraim shall cry, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God.
7 For thus saith the LORD; Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations: publish ye, praise ye, and say, O LORD, save thy people, the remnant of Israel.
[Practical Observations.]
n Deut. 28:30. Is. 62:8,9. 65:21, 11. Mic. 4:1-3. Zech. 8:20 22. Am. 9:14. Mic. 4:4. Zech. 3:10.
o Ez. 36:8. Ob. 19.
Heb. profane them. Lev. 19:23-25. Deut. 20:6. 1 Sam. 21:5.
p 6:17. Is. 40:9. 52:7,8. 62:6. Ez. 3:17. 33:2. Hos. 9:8. q 50:19. 2 Chr. 13:4.30:5-11. Acts 8:5-8.
r 50:4,5. Ezra 1:5. 8:15-20. Is. 2:24. 11:11-13. Hos. 1:
-23.
s Deut. 32:43. Ps. 67:96:1-398:1-4. 117: 138:4,5. Is. 12. 4-6. 24:14-16, 42:10-12 44:23. 49:18. 66:10-14. Zeph 3:14-20.
t Ps. 14:7. 28:9. 69:35. 106:47. 113:25. Hos. 1:7.
u 23:3. Is. 1:9. 11:11. 37:4,21. Ez. 6:8. Joel 2:32. Am. 5: 15. Mic. 2:12. 7:18. Zeph. 2:9. 3:13. Rom. 9:27. 11:5,6.
himself known to the fathers of the nation, and appeared for their deliverance; with a silent regret that he now seemed to forsake them. To this the Lord answered, (for "saying" is not in the original;) "Truly I have loved thee with an everlasting love; therefore with loving-kindness have I drawn thee," or, "I have prolonged mercy to thee." ( Marg .- Notes , Deut. 7:6-8. 9:4-6. Mal . 1:2-5. 3:5,6, υ. 6.
Rom . 11:1-6. 11-15,25--32.) From the beginning God had peculiarly favored them, and he would continue thus to favor them to the end: his purposes of love had been from everlasting, and the effects of them would be to everlasting: his loving-kindness had drawn them into a special relation to him; and it would yet prevail to bring them again into possession of their privileges, and to re-establish them in prosperity. ( Notes , Cant . 1:4. Ez . 16:3 --8. Hos . 11:3,4. John 6:41--46.
Eph . 1:3--8. 2:1--10.) The nation was considered as a virgin who had been betrothed to him: and, instead of mourning as she had done, (7:34. 25:10.) like one that was deserted and desolate; she should be adorned with festive garments, and express her gladness of heart by such tokens, as young persons do on joyful occasions. ( Marg .
Ref . m.) They would also again possess their own land, and there plant vineyards which would yield a great increase.-Some of the Israelites who at different periods returned with the Jews from captivity, doubtless got possession of their ancient inheritances; but this evidently refers to events yet future. 'Samaria being the metropolis of the 'ten tribes, seems to be put for the king'dom of Israel....
The "mountains of Sama'ria" are equivalent to the "mountains of Isra'el."" Lowth . ( Notes , Ez . 36:1-10. 37:20-22.) Eat them as common things . (5) literally signifies, " shall profane them." ( Marg .) --'It alludes to the law that forbad the fruit 'of any young trees to be eaten, till the fifth 'year of their bearing, when the fruit was lawful or common for every one to eat. Deut . 20: '6. 28:30. Lowth . ( Lev . 19:23-25.)
V 6,7. "The day is; the watchmen proclaim." The Jews, and Ephraim or the ten tribes, are here represented, as already in pos
8 Behold, I will bring them from the || cob, and ransomed him from the hand of
north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a great company shall return thither.
9 They shall come with weeping, and with * supplications will I lead them: will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters, in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a Father to Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born.
10 Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, & and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock.
redeemed Ja
11 For the LORD hath x 3:12,18. 23:8. 29:14. 30:3,18.32:6. 1 Chr. 29:10. Is. 63:16.
Ps. 107:3. Zech. 2:6.
y Ps. 65:5. 98:3. Is. 43:6. 45: 22. 52:10. Ez. 20:34,41. 34: 13.
z Is. 40:11. 42:16. Ez. 34:16. Mic. 4:6. Zeph. 3:19. Matt. 12:20. John 21:15. 1 Cor. 8: 10,11. 1 Thes. 5:14. Heb. 4:15. 12:12,13.
a 3:4. 50:4. Ps. 126:5,6. Hos. 12:4. Zech. 12:10. Matt. 5: 4. Luke 6:21. 2 Cor. 7:9-11. Heb. 5:7.
* Or, favors.
2 Cor. 6:18. Heb. 12:23.
e Gen. 10:5. Ps. 72:10. Is. 24: 14,15. 41:1. 42:4,10-12. 48: 20. 49:1. 51:5. 60:9. 66:19. Zeph. 2:11.
f 50:17-20. Deut. 30:4. 32:26, 27,36. Is. 27:12,13. 54:7. Ez.
him that was stronger than he.
12 Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and shall flow together to the goodness of the Lord, for wheat, and for wine, and for oil, and for the young of the flock, and of the herd:
and their soul shall be as a watered garden; and they shall not sorrow any more at all.
13 Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both young men and old together for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
5:2,10-12, 11:16,17. 20:34,41. J See on 4.-33:9-11. Is. 12:
28:25. 34:11-17,23. Mic. 2: 12. 4:6. Zeph. 3:19. John 11: 52.
g Is. 40:11. Ez. 34:12. Mic. 5:4,5. Zech. 9:16. 12:32. John 10:27-29.
b Is. 35:6-8. 41:17-19. 43:16, 20:28,29. 19. 49:9-11.
c Is. 40:3,4. 57:14. 63:13. Matt. 3:3. Luke 3:46. Heb. 12: 13.
d 20. 3:4,19. Ex. 4:22. Deut.
37:24. Luke Acts
h 15:21. 50:33,34. Is. 44:24. 49: 24-26. 53:12. 54:5,17. Hos. 13:14. Matt. 20:28. Tit. 2:14. Heb. 2:14,15.
session of their own land; and all their former jealousies and divisions are ceased: so that the watchmen, the teachers or prophets, of Ephraim excite the people to resort to mount Zion to worship. ( Notes , 1. 6:16,17. Ps . 118: 19--24. Is . 2:2-5. 40:3-8. Mic . 4:1-5.) This may refer to the union of different nations in the church of Christ, and their harmonious worship, and amicable communion in the privileges and ordinances of the gospel. This is further intimated, when "among the chief of the nations" men are called on to rejoice, and praise God for his goodness to Jacob, and to
mingle prayers, with their praises, for the more complete salvation of the remnant of Israel.-The most powerful, renowned, and civilized nations on earth at this day, professing Christianity, praising God for his mercies to his ancient people, and praying for the conversion and salvation of the Jews, forms a striking accomplishment of this prophecy. ( Note , Zech. 8:20-23.) But the re-establishment of Judah and Israel in their own land are especially
foretold.
Watchmen. (6) 'The word may be applied 'to those evangelical preachers, who should 'be instruments in converting the Jews to 'Christ, and bringing them into the church.' Lowth .
V. 8, 9. In answer to these prayers, or rather to excite these praises, the Lord here promises to bring Israel from the utmost coasts of the earth, without excluding the blind, the lame, the woman with child, or even her who travails with child: however feeble or unable they were of themselves, or however distressed in their circumstances, or burdened in spirit; under the protection and tender care of God, and willingly assisting each other, they would
35:10. 51:11.
19.
q Ezra 6:22. Esth. 9:22. Is. 35: 10. 51:3,11. 60:20. 61:3. 65:18, 19. John 16:22.
k Is. 2:2-5. Ez. 17:23. 20:40. Deut. 33:8-11. 2 Chr. 6:41. Mic. 4:1,2.
Neh. 10:39. Ps. 132:9,16. Is. 61:6. 1 Pet. 2:9. Rev. 5:10.
s 25. 33:9. Ps. 17:15. 36:8. 63: 5. 65:4. 107:9. Cant. 5:1. Is. 25:6, 55:1-3. 66:10-14. Zech. 9:15-17. Matt. 5:6. Eph. 1:3. 3:19. Rev. 7:16,17. t Ez. 2:10. Matt. 2:16-18. u 40:1. Josh. 18:25. 1 Sam 7: 17. Matt. 2:18. Ramта.
return in a great company to Zion. ( Notes , Ps . 105:37,38, v . 37. Is . 40:8-11, v . 11.) Mourning for their sins, nay, weeping even for joy, and praying for themselves and for each other; the Lord being their Guide, they would walk by the rivers of waters, every obstacle be removed, and their way made plain before them: for God would avow himself the Father of all Israel; and even Ephraim, who seemed quite cast off, should inherit as his first-born. ( Notes , 18-20. 3:12--19.50:4-6.
Is . 35:8-10. 41:17 -20. 49:9-13.)-The return of a few Israelites with the Jews, after the captivity, cannot come up to the full meaning of these predictions; nor can any other gathering of Israel to their own land which has hitherto taken place. They may figuratively describe the conversion of sinners to Christ; their helpless condition in themselves; the burdens and distresses under which they labor; the repentance and prayer with which they come; the comforts and assistance which th they derive
from their tender Guide and Shepherd; the plain and safe way in which they are led; and their adoption as children and heirs of the Lord Almighty. But there is abundant reason to conclude, that they also predict a future gathering of the Israelites to Christ, and into their own land, from all the quarters of the globe. ( Marg . Ref . ) - First - born . (9) Notes , Gen. 48:14, 17-20.49:22-26. 1 Chr . 5:1,2. Heb . 12:22-25.
V. 10-14. The same subject is here further enlarged on. Let all the most distant nations hear, that JEHOVAH, who scattered Israel, would gather him again into his church, as a shepherd does his flock into his fold. ( Marg . Ref . f, g.) By breaking the power of the Assyrians and Chaldeans, he redeemed Jacob from enemies stronger than he: by
bitter weeping; Rachel, weeping for her || lock unaccustomed to the yoke : children, refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not.
16 Thus saith the Lord; Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears: for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD: band they shall come again from the land of the enemy.
17 And there is hope in thine end, saith the LORD, that thy children shall come again to their own border.
[Practical Observations.]
18 I have d surely heard Ephraim Thou hast chas- as a bul-bemoaning himself thus ; tised me, and I was chastised,
Gen. 37:35. Ps. 77:2. Is. Am. 9:8,9. Matt. 24:22. Rom. 22:4. 11:23-26.
y Gen. 42:13,36. Job 7:21. Ps. d Job 33:27,28. Ps. 102:19,20. 37:36. Lam. 5:7.
z Gen. 43:31. 45:1. Ps. 30:5. Mark 5:38,39. John 20:1315. 1 Thes. 4:13.
a Ruth 2:12. 2 Chr. 15:7. Ec. 9:7. Heb. 6:10. 11:6.
b See on 23:3. 29:14. 30:3,18. 33:7,11.-Ezra 1:5-11. Ez. 11:17 18. 20:41,42. Hos. 1:11. с 29:11-16. 46:27,28. Ps. 102: 13,14. Is. 6:13. 11:11,&c. Lam. 3:18,21,26. Ez. 37:1114,25. 39:28. Hos. 2:15. 3.5.
Is. 57:15-18. Hos. 5:15. 6: 1,2. Luke 15:20.
e 6,9. 3:21,22. 50:4,5. Hos. 11: 8,9. 14:4-8.
f 2:30. 5:3. Job 5:17. Ps. 94: 12. 119:75. Prov. 3:11. Is. 1: 5. 9:13. 57:17. Hos. 5:12,13. Zeph. 3:2. Heb. 12:5. Rev. 3:19.
g Ps. 32:9. Prov. 26:3. 29:1. Is. 51:20. 53:7. Lam. 3:27- 30.
breaking the yoke of Satan, he redeems the true Israel from this potent enemy: ( Notes , Is . 49:24-26. Matt . 12:29,30. Luke 11:14-26, vv . 21,22.) and by crushing the power of Anti- christ, he will deliver his church, and make way for the conversion of both Israel and the Gentiles. The return of the Jews to mount Zion with songs of praise, and their "flowing together" to enjoy "the goodness of the LORD," and to thank him with joyful hearts for their plenty and prosperity; ( Marg . Ref . m, n. p-r. -Notes , 3-5. 33:6--11. Is . 4:2. Zech. 8:4,5. 9: -17.) together with the revival of religion,
13-17.) together and the holy joy which shewed itself among them, after the building of the city and temple, and was manifested in varied expressions, by all orders and ranks of the people; were em- blems of the abundant holiness, privileges, and comforts reserved for the church, in those happy times which are approaching.--Noth- ing, however, has yet occurred that can be considered as a completion of this prediction; which certainly relates to events in futurity, and especially to the restoration and prosperi- ty of Israel, as a nation. ( Marg . Ref . S.- Notes , Ps . 132:7-9 . Is . 30:23-25. 58:8-12.) - Not sor- row any more, &c. (12) Notes , Is . 25:6-8. 35:8 -10.65:17-19. Rev. 7:13-17. 21:1-4.
turn thou
me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the LORD my God.
19 Surely after that I was turned, I repented; and after that I was instructed, I I smote upon my thigh: I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth.
20 ° Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him: 'I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD.
21 Set thee up way-marks, make thee
h 17:14. Ps. 85:4. Lam. 5:21. Mal. 4:6. Luke 1:17. Acts 3:26. Phil. 2:13. Jam. 1:16 -18.
i See on 3:22,25. Is. 63:16. k Deut. 30:6-8. Ez. 36:26,31. Zech. 12:10. Luke 15:17-19. John 6:44,45. Eph. 2:3-5.2 Tim. 2:25. Tit. 3:3-7.
1 Ez. 21:12. Luke 18:13. 2 Cor. 7:11.
m 3:25. Lev. 26:41,42. Ezra 9:6. Ez. 6:9. 16:61-63.20: 43,44. 36:31,32. Rom. 6:21.
n 3:25. 22:21. 32:30. Job 13: 26. 20:11. Ps. 25:7. Is. 54:4 Ez. 23:3. Luke 15:30.
ο 9. 3:19. Ps. 103:13. Prov 3:12. Luke 15:24,32.
p Deut. 32:36. Judg. 10:16. Is. 57:16-18. Hos. 11:8,9. q Gen. 43:30. 1 Kings 3:26. Cant. 5:4. Phil. 1:8.
Heb. sound. 48:36. Is. 16: 11. 63:15.
r Is. 55:7. 57:18. Hos. 14:4. Mic. 7:18,19.
s Is. 57:14. 62:10.
and scattered among their enemies, would come again to their own land; and she might hope for great blessings for them in "her end," or "latter end." (See on Note , 30:23,24, ν. 24.) The murder of the children in the coasts of Bethlehem, by Herod, was an event, which in some measure fulfilled this prediction: predictio but it could not be the primary and full meaning of d meaning it. ( Note , Matt . 2:16-18.)
V. 18-20. All the blessings predicted to Israel implied, that the people would be brought to true and deep repentance. This is here more particularly described, in the person of Ephraim, as representing the ten tribes of Israel. The Lord hears him under his afflictions, bemoaning himself with penitent confessions and prayers.
He looks back, and recollects with grief and shame, that the Lord had often chastised him, and that he had suffered many corrections without deriving benefit: or that at length he had "received instruction," though he had long been refractory and rebellious; as headstrong bullocks, not inured to the yoke, which struggle against the driver, and will not submit.
Conscious that this is the nature of his proud, stout heart, and that it must be humbled, softened, and converted; and that he cannot effect this change by his own power; he believes that God can, hopes that he will, and prays that he would "turn him, that he may be turned." ( Notes , 17:14.
Acts 5:29-31.) He acknowledges, that the Lord has a right to his obedience and service, and that he stands in a peculiar relation to him, and he desires to have him for his God and Portion.-Something of this gracious turning he experiences; he has begun to repent of his sins: and, since he had been instructed in the things of God, he is sensible ot his guilt and danger, and full of self-indignation and abhorrence, to think how rebellious and ungrateful he had before been; which astonishment and self-displacency he expresses for her sorrow and labor, in bearing and bring- and utterly confounded to find, that he lies ing up her children, should not be lost, or be under a heavy load of deserved ignominy and without recompense; as those, who were left || reproach, for the sins which he had been com
V. 15-17. The original name of Rachel is here exactly the same as in Genesis. Rachel was mother to Joseph and Benjamin: from Joseph descended a very large proportion of the kingdom of Israel; and from Benjamin, numbers of the inhabitants of Jerusalem. The desolations of Israel and Judah, therefore, made immense havoc among Rachel's descendants. The sepulchre of Rachel was between Ramah and Bethlehem: ( Gen. 35:16-20.) and she is here poetically introduced, as rising from her grave, looking around, seeing none of her offspring, and inconsolable in her sorrow, supposing them all utterly extirpated. To carry on the allusion, the Lord here addresses her, and calls on her to "refrain from weeping:" by "smiting on his thigh." He is grieved
mitting from his youth, which deserved more than all the contempt and misery that he suffered. The Lord secing Ephraim, like the prodigal son, thus "come to himself," and overwhelmed with sorrow and shame, speaks of him with the tenderest affection. ( Notes , Luke 15:17-21.) Could this poor distressed mourner be Ephraim, his dear son, his child in whom he had so delighted? And was he at length returned home? Let him not be upbraided with his offences, of which he so deeply repented; but let him be re-admitted to all the privileges of a child, without limitation or delay.
For ever since the Lord denounced sentence against him, or addressed him with cutting rebukes; he had remembered him with tender compassion, and earnest longings after him, as an affectionate parent does his son, whom he is under the painful necessity of correcting. (Note, Ps . 103:11-13.)-His eye was upon him through all his wanderings, waiting to be gracious: and as he was now truly penitent and supplicated mercy, he would surely extend it to him.-'Do thou turn my heart by 'thy preventing grace, and then I shall be ef'fectually reformed....
As soon as God's grace 'touched my heart, and gave me a due sense 'of my duty, and the many deviations from it 'I had been guilty of, I straightway became a 'true penitent; and expressed my repentance by all the outward and inward signs of an un'feigned sorrow. The burden of my former 'sins lay heavy on my mind; and I became sen'sible, that all the calamities and reproaches I 'have undergone, were the due desert of mine 'offences.' Lowth .
This is a most instructive and encouraging representation of the nature and effects of true repentance: and its prophetic meaning may relate to the conversion of Israelites to Christianity in the primitive times; but it refers rather to events yet in futurity. (Notes, Job 33:27-30. Ez . 16:60-63. 36:2532. Hos . 11:8—11. Zech . 12:9-14.)
them
V. 21, 22. The dispersed Jews and Israelites are here called on to return without delay to their deserted cities, and to set up waymarks, to throw up heaps, and to set up lofty standards, to direct inquirers in the road. Let em heartily attempt to go back to their own land, by the way in which they had gone from it, and no longer wander about as they had done; like a woman, who had improperly left her father's or her husband's house, and was afraid, and ashamed, or reluctant to return. (Note, 2:14-19.) To encourage them to this, the Lord assures them, that "he had created," or would create, "a new thing in the earth." It would be "a new thing," altogether unprecedented, and worthy to be called a creation: for "a woman should compass a man,' n." or a Mighty one, a great Deliverer. Now what can
this more properly mean, than that a virgin, continuing so, should conceive, and compass in her womb, and bear a Son, who would be "that Seed of the woman," which was appointed to "bruise the serpent's head;" even "EMMANUEL, God with us?" This was effected by the immediate power of God, contrary to the established course of nature: it was "a new thing," both as to his miraculous conception, and his mysterious person: and it was adduced with great propriety for the encouragement of the Jews, to return to that land, where this promised Deliverer was at length to arise. -'As it is a new thing, and un'heard of, that a woman should court a man: 'so God will bring as strange a thing to pass, 'that the Jewish nation shall return to God 'their Husband. ...
So most of the modern Jews. and some Christian expositors understand the 'words.... A woman, that is, the most feeble, 'despicable persons, compared elsewhere to 'women, ... shall ... discomfit a mighty warri'or.' Lowth. These are the most plausible interpretations, given of the passage; by those who reject that which is stated above.
But the narrative of Potiphar's wife; ( Notes , Gen. 39:) and that of Deborah, Jael, and Sisera; ( Notes , Judg . 4:5:) and very many others, suffice to shew, that neither of these was "a new thing in the earth:" ( Num . 16:29-34.) and surely the solemnity of the introduction, and the term "create," appear, on either interpretation, to have little propriety or meaning.'One that is only a woman, and not a wife, 'namely a virgin, shall conceive in her womb 'a man-child. ( Rev. 12:5.) This is truly "a new 'thing," never before related, or heard of: with'out which satisfaction could not be obtained by the weary soul, nor the new covenant es'tablished. (31-34.) By this the backsliding 'daughter, namely the nation of the Jews 'which was turned away from God, ought to 'be so influenced, as no longer to wander 'about, at a distance from him.
Cocceius . It is observable, that the other predictions of the miraculous conception, are conveyed in an obscure manner, and have caused much difficulty to expositors: ( Notes , Gen. 3:14,15. Is . 7: 14.) and it seems ex exceedingly proper, that the clear and express declaration of such an event should be subsequent to its having actually taken place. Several ancient Jews ex'pounded the text of the Messias. ... And most Christian interpreters understand it of the 'miraculous conception of the vin virgin Mary.
'Taking the words in this sense, th they properly 'import a new creation , and such as is the imrne'diate work of God.... The coming of the Mes'sias is the foundation of all the promises both 'of the first and second covenant: (2 Cor . 1:20., '... and that covenant, of which Christ was to
p Deut. 24:16. Is. 3:11. Ez. 3: 18,19,24. 18:4,20. 33:8,13,18. Gal. 6:5,7,8. Jam. 1:15.
29 In those days they shall say no more, • The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and 27. 9.5,7. 30:3. 33:14-16. the children's teeth are set on edge.
g See on 14.- Ps. 107:9. Is. 32:11 44:27. Dan. 9:14.
2. 50:4. Matt . 5:6. 11:28. Luke 1:53. 2 Cor. 7:6.
h Ps. 127:2, Zech. 4:1,2.
i See on 31.
m See on 1:10. 18:7-9.-45:4. n 24:6. 32:41,42. Ps. 69.35. 102: 16. 147:2. Ec. 3:2,3. Dan. 9: 25. Am. 9:11. Acts 15:16.
k 30:19. Ez. 36:9. Hos. 2:23. 030. Lam. 5:7. Ez. 18:2,3. Zech. 10:9.
'be the Med Mediator, is plainly foretold and de'scribed at the thirty-first and following verses 'of this chapter.' Lowth .
V. 23-26. After the desolations of Judah, Jerusalem, and the temple, which had been called "the habitation of justice and the mountain of holiness;" prayers for the prosperity of Zion were greatly discouraged: but the suspension would be taken off by the return of the Jews from captivity: and then such expressions of good will would be frequent and fervent. ( Notes , Ps . 102:12-22.
Dan . 4:1-20.) For the Lord had purposed to satisfy and comfort every one, who was wearied with trials, and sorry for his sins; or who sympathized in the sorrows of his afflicted people: and the outward blessings, to which he meant to restore them, would be typical of the spiritual prosperity of the church, in the times of the gospel, and in the latter days. ( Notes , 16:14, 15,19-21. 23:5-8. 33:10-16.) This, and indeed the former part of the prophecy, seems to have been presented before the prophet's mind in a dream or vision: and when he awaked and considered it, he was refreshed with the pleasing prospect, so contrary to the visions which he had generally experienced, as one that awakes from an undisturbed and pleasant sleep.--'Having seen this vision of 'the Messiah to come, in whom the two houses 'of Israel and Judah should be joined, I rejoic'ed.' ( Marg .
Ref . g, h.)
V. 27, 28. ( Marg . Ref . Notes , 18:7-10. 30: 19-22. 45:4,5. Is . 27:2-6.) I will shew the 'same care and vigilance, (44:27.) in restoring 'them, as I have formerly done in destroying 'them.' Lowth . Some understand the passage of the replenishing of the church by numerous converts, and establishing it in peace and prosperity.
Am. 9:13.
32:40. Ez. 37:26. Matt. 26: 28. Mark 14:24. Luke 22:20. 1 Cor. 11:25. 2 Cor. 3:6. Heb. 8:6-13. 9:15. 12:24. 13: 20.
s 50:4,5. Gal. 6:16. Phil. 3:3. t See on 1.-34:14. Ex. 19:5. 24:6-8. Deut. 5:3,4. 29:1,10. 1 Kings 8:9. Ez. 16:8,60-62.
Heb. 9:18-22.
u Deut. 1:31. Ps. 73:23. Cant. 8:5. Is. 41:13. 51:18. 63:1214. Hos. 11:1,3,4. Mark 8:
23.
x 11:7-10. 22:9. Lev. 26:15. Deut. 29:21,25. 31:16,20. Is 24:5. Ez. 16:59. 20:37. Heb 8 : 9,
*Or, should I have continued an Husband unto them ? 2:2 3:14. Is. 54:5. Ez. 16:8. 23:4 Hos. 2:2. 3:1. John 3:29. 2 Cor. 11:2,
assures them, that in the happy days here predicted, they should neither have occasion nor disposition, thus to reflect on the equity of his dealings: but shall willingly acknowledge, 'that every one of them had smarted for his 'own iniquity; and had sins enow of his own, 'to warrant God's proceedings against him. Bp. Hall . When Christ came, all who believed on him, separated from their unbelieving countrymen, and escaped the national calamities.
This will be remarkably verified, 'when God shall cease to visit on the Jewish 'nation the imprecation, which they laid on 'themselves for the death of Christ; "His blood 'be upon us and on our children." Lowth. ( Notes , Matt . 27:24,25.)-The conduct of every generation of that people to this day, has been equivalent to "consenting to the deed" of those, who put Jesus to death; for they all in speaking and acting respecting him, as a de ceiver , have crucified him afresh, and made the guilt of their ancestors their own.
Of this they will be convinced, when converted to Christ. ( Note , Zech. 12:9-14, υ . 10.)
V. 31, 32. The national covenant, made at Sinai with Israel when brought out of Egypt,
is here contrasted with "the new covenant." Notwithstanding the tender and compassionate care of JEHOVAH to Israel at that time, when he espoused the nation to himself; they proved unfaithful, and brake the covenant by apostacy, idolatry, and all kinds of atrocious iniquity: and at length, rejecting the Messiah, they were cast out of the church, and expelled from the promised land.
This covenant was distinct, both from the covenant of works, of which Adam was the surety, and under which every unbeliever in every age and nation is found; from the covenant ratified with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and from the covenant V. 29, 30. ( Marg . Ref . Notes , Ez . 18:2-4.) of grace, mediated by Christ, of which every The people thought it hard, that they should believing Israelite received the blessing. ( Notes , uffer for the sins of their fathers, (though it Ex . 19:5. Lev . 26:41,42. Ez . 16:60-63. Gal . 3:15 was evident, that they imitated and exceeded -18.
Heb . 6:13-20.) This promise of a new them, and thus filled up the measure of their covenant, as St. Paul has shewn, implied a preiniquities;) and they expressed their murmurs diction of the abrogation of the Mosaic law, and by a proverb, stating that the children's teeth the introduction of another and more spiritual were set on edge, or put to pain, by the fa- dispensation. ( Notes , Heb . 8:7-13. 10:11-18.) ther's eating sour grapes. ( Notes , 15:2-4, v . Took them by the hand , &c. (32) Notes , Deut . 4. Ex . 20:5. 2 Kings 23:26,27.) But the Lord || 1:29-31.
Hoš . 11:3,4.- Brake .] Or, rendered VOL. IV. [361
33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, "I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.
34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: * for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.
35 Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars
y 32:40. z Deut. 30:6. Ps. 37:31. 40:8. Is. 51:7. Ez. 11:19,20. 36:25 -27. Rom. 7:22. 8:2-8.2 Cor. 3:3,7,8. Gal. 5:22,23. Heb. 8:10. 10:16.
a See on 1.-24:7. 30:22. 32: 38. Gen. 17:7,8. Ez. 11:20. 37:27. Zech. 13:9. John 20: 17. Rev. 21:3,7.
b1 Thes. 4:9. Heb. 5:12. 1 John 2:27.
c See on 1 Sam. 2:12. 1 Chr.
28:9. John 17:3.
d 24:7. Is. 11:9. 30:26. 54:13. 60:19-21. Hab. 2:14. Matt. 11:27. John 6:45. 17:6. 2 Cor. 4:6. 1 John 5:20.
e 33:8. 50:20. Is. 33:24. 43:25. 44:22. Mic. 7:18. Acts 10: 43. 13:38,39. Rom. 11:26,27. Heb. 8:12. 10:17,18.
f Gen. 1:14-18. Deut. 4:19. Job 33:33. Ps. 19:1-6.74:16. 136:7-9. Matt. 5:45.
void or disannulled . I was an husband , &c.] 'I acted towards them, with all the faithful, 'affectionate care, which the husband owes to 'his wife.' ( Marg . -Notes , 2:23. 3:12-15. Ez . 16:9-14. Hos . 2:18-23. Eph . 5:28-31.) This
for a light by night, & which divideth the sea h when the waves thereof roar; i The LORD of hosts is his name:
36 If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever.
37 Thus saith the LORD; m If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, " I will also cast off all the seed of Israel, for all that they have done, saith the LORD.
38Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD, from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner.
spiritual worship of him in his ordinances. (See on Note , 30:22.-Notes, 1. 30:19-21. Gen. 17:7,8. Heb . 11:13-16. Rev. 21:1-4.) It is not requsite for persons of this character to call one another off from idols to the knowl
clause is rendered in the Septuagint, "I re-edge and worship of JEHOVAH; ( Note , Is . 2:2
garded them not." St. Paul follows that version in this respect, though he varies from it in several parts of his quotation.-Some think the original may admit of this translation; but it is not the obvious meaning.-Israel as a nation typified the true people of God: the old covenant, made with them, was typical of the new covenant made with all true believers, as one with Christ. This is not ratified with a every Christian na
nation as such; (though every
5.) nor are they left to mere human teaching; but the whole company, "from the greatest to the least," have "an heart given them to know the LORD," so as to fear, trust, and love him, and to cleave to his worship and service. ( Marg . Ref . c, d.- Notes , 24:7. Is . 54:11—14. John 6:41-46.) Then he absolves them from the guilt of all their sins, and he will not remember them any more to their condemnation ( Notes , 50:20. Ps . 103:11-13. Is . 43:22
tion is under a dispensation mercy, accord--25. Mic. 7:18-20. John 5:24-27. Rom. 8:1,
ing to this covenant, in some things as Israel;) but it is made with Christ the Surety, irety, in behalf of his people, and with each of them personally, when by faith he becomes a member of his mystical body. ( Notes , Is . 55:1-3. Luke 1 : 67-79 . Gal . 3:6-14. Heb . 13 : 19,20 . )
V. 33, 34. The moral law was written "in tables of stone," and in the book of the law, and put into the hands of the Israelites; but they brake it, for want of a spiritual mind; and thus it brought them under condemnation: (Notes, Rom. 7:7-12. 2 Cor. 3:7-11.) but, according to "the new covenant," God engages to "put his law into the inward parts, and to write it, in the hearts" of his people.
That is, by regenerating grace, he creates in them a judgment, disposition, and affections congenial to the holy law of love: then they perceive its spirituality, reasonableness, and excellency; they "consent to it that it is good;" they repent of breaking it; they see the nature, value, and glory of salvation in Christ, and accept of it; they hope for pardon, righteousness, and assistance through him; and thus they learn to "delight in the law after the inward man," and to grieve and be humbled that they keep it so imperfectly. ( Notes , Ps . 119:2-5.
Rom . 7:22-25.) In this way the LORD becomes their God, and they his people, prepared for the daily exercise of repentance, faith, humble conscientious obedience, and the
2,28-39.) The law thus written in their hearts, with the knowledge of God thus communicated, preserves them from breaking the covenant, and again coming into condemnation, by relapsing into iniquity, and living and dying in impenitence and unbelief. So that it is the peculiar excellency of this covenant, that it provides against all those dangers, which otherwise might deprive the persons interested in it of the covenanted blessings. ( Notes , 32:39-41. 2 Sam . 23:5.) - When Israel shall be again called into the church, it will not be according to the Sinai-covenant; but by having "the law written in their hearts," and the covenant thus inwardly ratified to them. ( Notes , Ez . 16:60--63, v . 61. 36:20-28. 37:23– 28. 39:23-29.) - 'Lord have mercy upon us' also, 'and write all... thy laws in our hearts, 'we beseech thee.' Communion service.
V. 35-37. As surely as the heavenly bodies will continue their settled course, according to the appointment of the Creator to the end of time; and as the raging sea obeys the Creator's mandates; so surely will the nation of Israel be continued a separate people, without being finally excluded from the church: nor will God ever cast them off for all their sins; till it be possible for man to measure the height of the heavens, or to search out the foundations of the earth. ( Notes , 33:14--26. Gen. 1:14-19. Job 38:4--11. Ps. 93:3,4. 114:3-8.
39 And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath.
40 And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields
s Ez. 40:8. Zech. 2:1,2. t 7:32 19:11-13, 32:36. Ez. 37:2.
Is . 51:15,16. 54:6--10. Matt . 8:23-27. Rom . 11: 11-15,22-32.) Words can hardly express more energetically a prophecy of the Restoration of Israel.
V. 38-40. The rebuilding of Jerusalem after the captivity seems to be here predicted merely as an earnest of all the other promised mercies. At present we know little of several of the places mentioned. ( Marg . Ref .- Neh . 3:1,24-28. 12:39.)--The conclusion fully proves that the Spirit of prophecy meant not only to predict the building of the spiritual Jerusalem, but also to foretel future events which cannot now be particularly known; yet certainly relate to the future and final restoration of Israel. ( Notes , Ez . 48:30-35. Mic. 7:11-13. Zech. 14:10,11,20,21.)
PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS.
V. 1-7.
The greatest blessing which we can desire for our families, is that "the LORD may be their God:" and if we devote them to him, and bring them up for him, we may expect that this will be their felicity. (Notes, Gen. 17:7,8. 18:1719.)-When he commissions the sword to waste the nations, where his name is known, he reserves a remnant to whom he will be gracious: and often those judgments, which sweep numbers of hypocrites and u
ungodly
men into perdition, make way for peculiar blessings to their survivors, or to posterity.--If we find grace with God, he will lead us through all the perils and difficulties of this wilderness, and cause us to rest in his salvation. All the discoveries, which he has made of himself to fallen man, and all his marvellous works for his church, have sprung from his everlasting and unc unchangeable love.
This induced him to form the glorious plan of salvation; and first to promise, and then to give, his beloved Son to be the sacrifice for our sins: and this also moved him to draw us by his grace and allure us by his loving-kindness, to come unto him, and seek a share in the purchased blessings: and having been thus drawn to seek communion with him and conformity to him, we shall for ever enjoy the fruits of his special favor. ( Notes , Eph . 2:1-10. 2 Thes. 2:13.14.
Tit . 3:4-7.) From the same endearing motive, JEHOVAH is led to "build up the walls of Jerusalem," and to turn the mournings of his people over her desolations, into songs of triumphant praises for her renewed prosperity. Those whom he has placed near to his "watchmen, who watch for their souls," and who excite and exhort sinners to arise and go up to Zion to the Lord our God, have special obligations to bless his name. All those who are called to this work should be peculiarly vigilant, faithful, and earnest; and they ought themselves first to
of God to rejoin his church and share her privileges.- "The chief of the nations," and Britain especially, (which seems to be rendered preeminent in commerce and navigation, for that very purpose,) should celebrate with gladness the wondrous works of God for Jacob, in the great Redeemer raised up among that people; and should publish these glad tidings to all around, with praise and gratitude, that they may be proclaimed from shore to shore, till the utmost coasts of the earth are made acquainted with the joyful sound: nor should we forget to join our earnes, endeavors, with our fervent prayers, that the Lord may "save his people, even the remnant of Israel."
V. 8-17.
did . Je
hearts, upholds
When the Lord's time arrives, his power and grace can readily remove all obstacles, rectify all obliquities, and remedy all defects: he can give "eyes to the blind," and "feet to the lame,' strength to the weak, support to the heavyladen, and rest to the weary soul; and thus bring great companies into his church.
When he effectually draws sinners to come to him, their hard hearts soon melt and soften; and they, who once were too proud and stout to attend on the ordinances of God, and the animated prayers and praises of evangelical piety, and who derided those that did, learn to mourn for sin, and cry for mercy. Then he leads them in his ways, supplies their wants, refreshes and comforts their hea them from falling, and is a Father unto them, and they his children and his heirs.
It shall be known to the isles afar off, that he careth for his chosen people: and if he suffer them to be scattered, he will will gather and keep them, as a shepherd does his flock: by price and by power, he has ransomed and redeemed them from those enemies who were stronger than they; and he will maintain and perfect their deliverance, and not let any "pluck them out of his hand." ( Notes , John 10:10-13,26--31.) Τo his courts they "flow together," ( Is . 2:2.) that they may share and celebrate his goodness. and while he supplies all their outward wants, their souls become fruitful and cheerful "as a watered garden." Their sorrows shall terminate in joy; and their comforts are earnests of eternal felicity in that world, where "they shall not sorrow any more at all," but both ministers and people shall be "satisfied with the goodness of the LORD."-But while the believer has "a joy, that a stranger intermeddleth not with;" he must in the world expect tribulations: and a voice of lamentation often interrupts that of thanksgiving, even "in the dwellings of the righteous." ( Note , 1 Pet . 1:6,7.) But, if bereaving providences, or heavy afflictions, cause the Christian such bitter mourn
rise and lead the way by their example, "walk-ing, that he "refuses to be comforted;" it must
ing in all God's ordinances and commandments, blameless." They should endeavor also to terminate those unhappy differences, which, as it were, set the tribes of Israel at variance: and all Christians ought to pray that many watchmen, decidedly of this character, may be raised up, and stationed in every place; and especially employed to call the ancient people
be considered as his infirmity. We ought not to mourn over our children and relatives, as if "they were not," should they be removed from ris; but, having used the proper means for promoting their future felicity, we should leave them with our righteous and merciful God. He graciously comforts those who are cast down, and bids his mourners dry their tears;
CHAP XXXII.
Jeremiah is imprisoned, for predicting the destruction of Jerusalem, and the captivity of Zedekiah, 1-5. By the command of God be purchases a field, as a token that the Jews should be restored to their inheritances, 6-15. He prays to be further instructed concerning these transactions, 16-25. He is
informed of the approaching calamities for the sins of the people, 26-35; and encouraged by predictions and promises of
most extensive blessings, spiritual and temporal, to the nation
of Israel and to the Israel of God, 36-44.
HE word that came to Jeremiali from the LORD in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, which was the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar.
2 For then the king of Babylon's army besieged Jerusalem: and Jeremiah the
a 39:1,2. 52:4,5. 2 Kings 25:1, c 3,8. 33:1. 36:5. 37:21. 39:14, 2. 2 Chr. 36:11.
b See on 25:1.
15. Matt. 5:12.
for both their sorrows and labors shall be rec-ship our God in Christ, and on his mercy-seat,
ompensed: and if we have "hope in our end," for ourselves and those belonging to us, concerning an eternal inheritance, all temporal afflictions will be tolerable and beneficial.
V. 18-30.
should remember that his church is "the habitation of righteousness, and the mountain of holiness:" as such, they should still pray for her prosperity, and that they may be a credit and ornament to her, by their holy examples. He has yet a remnant, both of pastors and of flocks, who answer this description; and he still continues to "satiate the weary, and replenish the sorrowful soul." Having tasted his grace, hoping for his glory, and looking forward to the happy event of all our troubles, and those of the whole family of Christ; our thoughts even at the hour of death may be ly awake to and enjoy. For the Lord pleasant, by reflecting on what we shall shortwill still watch over his people and purify his church. No man shall finally perish, but for his own sins; nor any sinner, who is cordially willing to accept of Christ's salvation.
The true penitent reflects with shame and contrition on his former obstinacy and rebellion, and on his misconduct under afflictions, as well as his abuse of mercies: for he knows that he has often suffered in vain, and has been as untractable as the "bullock unaccustomed to the yoke." Once he excused his sins; but now he is sensible of his ingratitude made new creature, in order to serve God and folly: he is convinced that he must be and enjoy his favor; he feels the power of inbred sin, evil habits, and strong temptations; and perceives that he cannot new create his own heart: thus he learns to value the promises of sanctifying grace, and to plead them in prayer, crying to the Lord, "Turn thou me, and I shall be turned;" "Convert me, or I shall 'never be converted.' His prayers will be answered, he will be more and more abased and humbled; and increasing instruction will lead him to "abhor himself," and to remember with shame the sins, which were "the reproach of his youth," and the effects of which he has perhaps still to struggle with. ( Notes , Job 13: 24-28, υ. 26. 42:1--6.
Ez . 16:60-63, v. 63.) This may, or may not, be accompanied with terror: but it will surely be attended with submission to the justice of God in all his correc-ever. This circumcision and regeneration of
V. 31-40.
Blessed be God for his new covenant, and for that new dispensation under which we live! But let us not trust to the outward administration of it; which will stand us in no more stead, than the Sinai-covenant did Israel, except the law be written in our hearts, as the principle of genuine repentance, faith, and cheerful obedience. This alone can prove that we are the true people of God; and that we know the Father and the Son, by the teaching of the Holy Spirit, and that all our sins are blotted out, to be remembered no more for tions and threatenings, an entire reliance on the heart seals to the Christian "the righteoushis mercy and grace, and newness of life. ness of faith," and evidences that he is Christ's, Where this change is effected, (whether in the case of a new convert, or of a returning back-power which formed the heavenly orbs, and
slider,) the Lord will treat him as a beloved child, "in whom he greatly delighteth," and "will surely have mercy on him;" he will pity his sorrows and terrors, as a father does those of his son, whom he loves and corrects; and will remember him with the most tender compassions. ( Notes , Prov. 3:11,12. Heb . 12:4-13.) -He is, of his own clemency, disposed to this
and has peace with God through him: and the
continues them for lights to the earth, and which divide the sea, or stills it, when the waves thereof roar, will keep him through faith unto salvation. The personal happiness of every true believer is secured by that promise, covenant, and oath, which assure us, that "the gates of hell shall not prevail against the church." This his love is immeasurable, and
passeth knowledge, it can only be apprehended by faith and experience: and to those who thus apprehend it, every present mercy is a pledge and earnest of their complete and eternal salvation.
NOTES.
kindness; and in that "new "new thing, that he hath created in the earth," in the Virgin's Son, the glorious Prince of Peace, the great Immanuel, he has made way for the honorable exercise of his mercy to the chief of sinners. Let then poor prodigals, who are "come to themselves," no longer wander about, as ashamed or afraid to return to their Father's house; let them "set their hearts to the highway" which he has cast up; let them "return to the LORD, and he will have mercy on them;" and then let them direct and encourage others in the same salutary course. Thus men return to Zion, and are enrolled her citizens: and all who profess to wer-him.-Zedekiah and his princes were desper